![]() ![]() Finally, this paper notes that when both the underlying odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence of exposure (PE) in the case group are not large (OR ⩽2 and PE ⩽0.10), the application of the two interval estimators using the transformations log(x) and log(x/(1-x)) can be misleading. This paper notes that although the interval estimator using the logarithmic transformation log(1-x) may also perform well with respect to the coverage probability, using this estimator is likely to be less efficient than the interval estimator using Wald's statistic. RESULTS-This paper demonstrates that the interval estimator derived from the quadratic equation proposed here can not only consistently perform well with respect to the coverage probability, but also be more efficient than the interval estimator using Wald's statistic in almost all the situations considered here. This paper compares the finite sample performance of these five interval estimators by calculation of their coverage probability and average length in a variety of situations. METHODS-This paper considers five asymptotic interval estimators of the AR, including the interval estimator using Wald's statistic suggested elsewhere, the two interval estimators using the logarithmic transformations: log(x) and log(1-x), the interval estimator using the logit transformation log(x/(1-x)), and the interval estimator derived from a simple quadratic equation developed in this paper. The goal of this paper is to develop and search for good interval estimators of the AR for case-control studies with matched pairs. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE-The attributable risk (AR), which represents the proportion of cases who can be preventable when we completely eliminate a risk factor in a population, is the most commonly used epidemiological index to assess the impact of controlling a selected risk factor on community health. Empirical, log-normal, and Gaussian kernel density estimation with support [0,∞) can all be applied to radon data.Īttributable risk Lung cancer Radon gas Residential radon Risk assessment Sensitivity analysis Smoothing radon probability mass function.Ĭopyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Miners' models can be used for residential radon. PAR is sensitive to the choice of RR model. Many lung cancer cases could be prevented in Canada by reducing indoor radon. ![]() Gaussian kernel estimator produces PAR estimates similar to the commonly used log-normal distribution. PAR values for ES females are greater than those for ES males, except in Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. There is little difference in results between miners' models and dwelling models. PAR for the Canadian data is sensitive to the model choice, and it varies with a range of 10% for ES and 32% for NS, respectively. Finally, cancer death cases attributable to radon are reported for the constant relative risk model for the three distributions and the reduction in the cases when the action level 200Bq/m 3 is applied. PAR was then calculated for Canada and its provinces using the empirical, log-normal, and Gaussian kernel estimates distributions. The original discrete radon data for Canada overall and for each of its provinces are estimated using log-normal and Gaussian kernel density estimator distributions. Smoking data (Ever Smoking ES and Never Smoking NS) collected in 2009 was also used in this study. The death rates used for this study were from the period 2006-2009. Using Canadian observed first floor radon data collected by Health Canada during the period October 2010 to March 2011, seven common PAR radon models used for North American miners and dwelling scenarios were applied. The aim of this study is to assess how sensitive PAR is to the relative risk model and radon probability distribution functions choices. Different relative risk (RR) models have been used in the literature to calculate PAR. The Population Attributable Risk (PAR) estimates the proportion of lung cancer cases associated with indoor radon exposure. Indoor radon has been identified as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking.
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